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Etching

Acid etching is the use of an acidic substance to prepare the tooth’s natural enamel for the application of an adhesive. The acid roughens the surface microscopically, increasing retention of resin sealant. Etching of dental enamel with acid removes the smear layer and opens enamel tubules. The application of weak acid, usually 30% phosphoric acid roughens the surface before bonding a resin filling or veneer.